Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Monitoring electrodynamic integrity in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is challenging due to the coupled electro–plasma–thermal dynamics governing arc behavior and metal transfer. In this work, electrical integrity refers to the physical consistency of electrodynamic coupling, which is observed through the persistence of a carrier-centered complex V–I transfer. Within this observable domain, deviations from a reference electrodynamic structure manifest as changes in impedance-related descriptors. This paper introduces a phase-coherent, high-frequency impedance sensing architecture and a measurement-grounded model-free soft sensor that operationalizes this definition through a physically interpretable electrical representation. The approach exploits the intrinsic switching excitation of inverter-based power sources as a persistent electrical probe, enabling impedance reconstruction via phase-coherent voltage–current acquisition. The sensing chain is analytically characterized to yield uncertainty-aware impedance estimates and employs deterministic, transparent statistical aggregation rather than supervised or black-box model fitting. Physically interpretable descriptors—capturing effective resistance, reactance, voltage–current phase, power transfer, and coherence—are consolidated into a composite scalar output termed the Arc Electrical Integrity Indicator (AEII). AEII provides a bounded, reference-relative measure of electrodynamic deviation, without serving as a weld-quality metric or fault classifier. Evaluation across 20 industrial robotic GMAW runs demonstrates strong measurement repeatability and structured electrodynamic variability under routine operation, supporting integrity-conditioned monitoring and downstream quality-related inference.