Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
FlatChem, cilt.57, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
MXenes—2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides—exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and structural versatility, positioning them as promising candidates for multifunctional electrochemical devices. Their diverse architectures, encompassing mono- and double-transition metal phases, solid solutions, and vacancy-engineered structures, offer vast tunability in physical and chemical properties. Although pristine MXenes possess excellent conductivity and highly tunable surface chemistry, their tendency to restack, oxidize, and degrade under cycling limits their use in high-performance electrochemical systems. MXene-based composites have therefore emerged as a key strategy to overcome these constraints and fully realize their electrochemical potential. This review highlights recent advancements in the synthesis, modification, and application of pristine and composite MXene systems. Emphasis is placed on tailored fabrication strategies and the design of MXene-based hybrids, including carbonaceous frameworks, metal/metal oxide composites, MOF hybrids, ceramic blends, and bio-integrated systems. Key physicochemical properties—including electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and catalytic characteristics—are systematically evaluated, while the influence of microstructure, synthesis methods, precursors, electrolytes, electrode fabrication, flake morphology, and porosity of both pristine and hybrid MXenes is critically assessed. Their impact on supercapacitor performance, solid-state batteries, fuel cell electrocatalysis (HOR and ORR), and water-splitting reactions (HER and OER) is also discussed. Additionally, the integration of MXenes into wearable electronics and biosensors highlights their expanding role beyond energy applications, while MXene-based nanoadsorbents exhibit high efficiency in removing diverse dyes and pharmaceutical contaminants. Current challenges such as oxidative instability, processing scalability, and environmental concerns are critically discussed, with future directions focused on sustainable synthesis and cross-disciplinary innovation.