Stability Analysis of Probiotic-Containing Infant Formula: Post-Preparation Changes in Nutritional, Chemical, and Microbiological Properties
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, vol.69, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 69
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1590/1678-4324-2026250886
- Journal Name: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Keywords: Baby foods, chemical quality, infant formula, microbiological quality, public health
- Bursa Uludag University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
This study evaluated the changes in nutritional content, chemical properties, and microbiological quality of a probiotic-containing commercial powdered infant formula, prepared according to usage instructions and stored for 0–24 hours. Microbiological analyses showed a slight but statistically insignificant increase (P > 0.05) in total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB) and lactic streptococci counts over time. Coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, and yeast-mould levels remained consistently below 1 log cfu/mL during the entire storage period. Chemical analysis revealed no significant differences in pH, acidity, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels, antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH), or vitamin B12 and folic acid contents (P > 0.05) across different time points. However, fluctuations were noted in the amino acid profile and cholesterol concentrations over time. In terms of color parameters, a statistically significant change was observed along the yellow-blue axis (b*), indicating potential pigment or composition changes during storage. Despite these fluctuations, infant formula largely maintained its microbiological and chemical stability within the first 24 hours post-preparation. These findings are specific to the product in question and, based on them, it is recommended that reconstituted infant formula is consumed within two to six hours of preparation. If longer storage is necessary, the product should be kept under refrigeration at temperatures below 5 °C to minimize any potential quality degradation and ensure infant safety.