Yüksek G., Ekinci S., İzci D., Lale T., Çınar R. F., Güneş B. B., ...Daha Fazla
IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, cilt.20, sa.1, ss.1-13, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
20
Sayı:
1
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Basım Tarihi:
2026
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Doi Numarası:
10.1049/cth2.70157
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Dergi Adı:
IET CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Applied Science & Technology Source, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Business Source Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Scopus, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Aerospace Database, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Compendex, INSPEC, MathSciNet, zbMATH, Directory of Open Access Journals
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.1-13
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Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu:
AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
ABSTRACT
Speed control of direct current (DC) motor systems still remains a challenging nonlinear control problem due to load disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and time‐varying operating conditions. Although conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are widely used because of their simple structure, their fixed‐gain configuration limits performance under uncertain and dynamic conditions. To address these limitations, a feedforward‐compensated proportional integral (PI + FF) control framework optimised using the dynamic enzyme action optimiser (dEAO) is proposed. The proposed dEAO employs an adaptive bio‐inspired search mechanism to improve the exploration–exploitation balance and enhance parameter convergence during controller tuning. In addition, the simultaneous optimisation of PI and feedforward parameters improves transient response, disturbance rejection capability, and steady‐state performance. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated through extensive numerical simulations and real‐time experimental studies on a laboratory‐scale DC motor platform. Experimental results confirm that the dEAO‐based PI + FF controller achieves superior dynamic performance with a rise time of 1.20 s, settling time of 1.90 s, overshoot of 1.0%, and a negligible steady‐state error (8.7 × 10
−
8
%). The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and statistical analyses over 25 independent runs reveal that the proposed method provides superior consistency and robustness compared to conventional rules and existing state‐of‐the‐art optimisers such as EAO, NRBO, L‐SHADE and GA. In addition, the proposed controller maintains stable operation of the DC motor under measurement noise, load disturbances and time‐varying references, which demonstrates strong robustness and practical applicability for DC motor control systems.