Mechanical properties, springback behavior and microstructural evolution in CP2 Ti and Ti-6Al-4V sheets under hot forming conditions
Materialpruefung/Materials Testing, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1515/mt-2026-0004
- Dergi Adı: Materialpruefung/Materials Testing
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex
- Anahtar Kelimeler: grade 2 titanium, grade 5 titanium, hot forming, mechanical properties, microstructure, springback
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Commercially pure titanium (CP2 Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) alloys are extensively used in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy applications owing to their high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability. However, their poor room-temperature formability and pronounced springback limit sheet forming processes. This study systematically investigates the effect of hot forming temperature on springback behavior, mechanical properties, and microstructural evolution of CP2 Ti and Ti-6Al-4V sheets. Experiments were performed between 500 °C and 1,000 °C at a constant strain rate of 0.1 s−1. Mechanical testing, microhardness measurements, and detailed microstructural analyses were conducted. The results show a significant reduction in springback with increasing temperature, with optimal reductions occurring between 600 and 900 °C depending on alloy. CP2 Ti exhibits a pronounced reduction in springback at 600 °C and 900 °C, while Ti-6Al-4V shows a more gradual and consistent improvement. Microstructural observations reveal enhanced slip-system activation, dynamic recrystallization, and α→β phase transformation at elevated temperatures, which collectively govern springback behavior. Mechanical properties decrease near the recrystallization region and increase above the β-transition due to grain coarsening and β-phase enrichment. These findings clarify the mechanistic relationship between thermal activation, microstructural evolution, and elastic recovery, providing guidance for optimizing hot forming process of titanium alloys.