Experimental and Constitutive Modelling of Viscoelastic Responses in Carbon Black-Filled Natural Rubber Under Cyclic and Relaxation Loading
POLYMERS, cilt.17, sa.23, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 17 Sayı: 23
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/polym17233091
- Dergi Adı: POLYMERS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Elastomeric materials exhibit complex time-dependent behaviour under mechanical loading, necessitating accurate constitutive models for industrial applications. This study investigates the hyperelastic and viscoelastic responses of two carbon black-filled natural rubber compounds (50 ShA and 60 ShA) through cyclic shear/compression tests and stress relaxation experiments. The Arruda-Boyce model captures equilibrium behaviour, while the Bergstrom-Boyce model predicts transient viscoelasticity without relying on Prony series. Considering the results obtained it can be concluded that quantitative hysteresis analysis shows 7-26% energy dissipation, dependent on hardness and strain rate. Relaxation rates (10(-6)-10(-7) s(-1)) inversely correlated with hysteresis, validated by FEM simulations. A deviation of <3.5% between experiments and simulations confirms the model's robustness for long-term viscoelastic predictions. This framework enables the efficient design of rubber components (e.g., seismic isolators, seals) requiring prolonged durability under load.