Experimental and Constitutive Modelling of Viscoelastic Responses in Carbon Black-Filled Natural Rubber Under Cyclic and Relaxation Loading

Kayacı S., Kaya N.

POLYMERS, cilt.17, sa.23, ss.1-23, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 17 Sayı: 23
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/polym17233091
  • Dergi Adı: POLYMERS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-23
  • Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Elastomeric materials exhibit complex time-dependent behaviour under mechanical loading,

necessitating accurate constitutive models for industrial applications. This study

investigates the hyperelastic and viscoelastic responses of two carbon black-filled natural

rubber compounds (50 ShA and 60 ShA) through cyclic shear/compression tests and

stress relaxation experiments. The Arruda–Boyce model captures equilibrium behaviour,

while the Bergström–Boyce model predicts transient viscoelasticity without relying on

Prony series. Considering the results obtained it can be concluded that quantitative hysteresis

analysis shows 7–26% energy dissipation, dependent on hardness and strain rate.

Relaxation rates (10−6–10−7 s−1) inversely correlated with hysteresis, validated by FEM

simulations. A deviation of <3.5% between experiments and simulations confirms the

model’s robustness for long-term viscoelastic predictions. This framework enables the

efficient design of rubber components (e.g., seismic isolators, seals) requiring prolonged

durability under load.