Ironıc Processes of Mental Control in Sport: Past, Present and Future

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION, HEALTH AND HUMAN MOVEMENT/ ICEHHM, Bucuresti, Romanya, 12 - 14 Haziran 2025, ss.3-30, (Özet Bildiri)

The influence of anxiety on motor performance is central to sport and performance

psychology. An extensive body of research devoted to determining the nature of the anxiety-

performance relationship has investigated numerous theories and models in sport psychology.

However, one theory offers a comprehensive mechanism via which anxiety can elicit precisely

counter-intentional errors. These errors are more severe than general errors and represent the

worse possible scenario, that is, making the mistake one least wants to make under certain

conditions. Such counter-intentional errors can be explained through Wegner’s (1989-2009)

theory of ironic processes of mental control. Up to date research in this field recommends using

rigorous methodologies, such as randomized controlled trials, to understand the causal effects

of distinct stressors on ironic errors. In addition, intervention trials are important to reduce the

likelihood of ironic errors. More specifically, recent research studies offer a practical

instruction-based solution that can reduce susceptibility to ironic errors and instead help

individuals to thrive under pressure. Specifically, performers and practitioners should be

educated about ironic effects theory and encouraged to frame instructions in a way that helps

athletes to transform their instructions for optimal performance under certain conditions.