Soil-structure interaction analysis of a typical RC wall – frame building collapsed in the February 6, 2023 earthquakes
Structures, cilt.90, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 90
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.istruc.2026.112409
- Dergi Adı: Structures
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Nonlinear deformation demands, RC wall-frame buildings, Seismic response, Soil-structure interaction
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The February 6, 2023 earthquakes stand as the deadliest seismic events in Türkiye’s history, causing unprecedented loss of life, destruction, and structural damage. Distinct from other affected regions, the central districts of Hatay were strongly influenced by basin effects and near-fault effects governed by local geology, which amplified ground accelerations and produced pronounced velocity pulses. This study investigates the role of soil properties and soil structure interaction in the severe structural damage and collapse mechanism of Altınpark-2 building, a representative mid-rise reinforced concrete building in Hatay with respect to its structural system characteristics and local soil conditions. Unlike previous assessments using the original acceleration records ignoring site response and involving fixed-based support conditions, this research evaluates the effects of soil amplification through three-dimensional nonlinear kinematic analysis and incorporates soil flexibility for structural analysis. The kinematic interaction analyses were conducted using the substructure approach to derive foundation-level acceleration-time histories; although this method entails certain limitations compared to direct analysis method, it provides a computationally efficient and widely validated framework in both engineering practice and seismic research for explicitly quantifying the influence of soil compliance on seismic input motion. Soil flexibility was explicitly accounted for by utilizing compression-only nonlinear springs in conjunction with gap elements, thereby capturing the potential for foundation uplift and realistically simulating both translational and rocking behaviour. The analysis results were evaluated through a comparative assessment of the fixed-base and SSI modelling approaches, examining global response parameters, including base shear, overturning moment and inter-story drift profiles, alongside localized component-level demands, such as longitudinal strains and shear force in critical load bearing vertical members. Within the limitations of the adopted modelling assumptions, the analysis results demonstrate that the catastrophic damage and collapse were primarily driven by inherent structural deficiencies under extreme seismic demands. In this context, the influence of soil-structure interaction, both at the global system and component levels, remained relatively moderate, as the pronounced basin and near-fault effects pushed the structure into a severe nonlinear state that effectively suppressed the potential modifications induced by soil flexibility.