Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
4th Edition of International Nutrition Research Conference, Milan, İtalya, 19 - 20 Haziran 2023, cilt.4, ss.100-102
One of the golden rules of biology is
that diversity is always encouraged by different mechanisms and that life
always finds a way to maintain vitality and biodiversity. We see the best
examples of this in organisms that have adapted to very difficult conditions. While
the evolution process ensures the survival of organisms that can adapt to
different environmental conditions and produce more new generations, similar
dynamics have also been effective in the cellular world. The interactions among
food sources, toxins, carcinogens, and many other factors are indispensable
elements of the external world and they have significant impacts on cellular
regulation. Some of the environmental factors have the potential to directly
alter the DNA sequence while some of them can also induce epigenetic changes
such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. On the one hand, molecular
evolution enables DNA to develop mechanisms that allow it to protect itself
from change, on the other hand, it triggers biodiversity with genetic and
epigenetic modifications. Recent studies have shown that the genome is highly
dynamic and interacts more with external factors than previously thought. In
this context, one of the most basic activities in an organism is nutrition. It
is a long-known fact that different nutrients cause significant changes in the
level of metabolism. However, the knowledge that nutrients or additives can
cause differences in genetic characteristics has led to the opening of a new
era. Epigenetic mechanisms cause significant changes in gene expression and
protein levels in many vital pathways for the organism. Post-transcriptional
and post-translational regulation mechanisms make the genome a much more
dynamic structure at both DNA and RNA levels. The fact that these mechanisms
are actually conserved for many organisms shows how important they are at the
evolutionary level. This presentation focuses on genetic alterations led by
nutritional changes, the interaction between genetic characters and nutritional
status, the evolution of corresponding genetic mechanisms, limitations in
experimental designs, and controversial results.