Polyploidy Breeding in Vitis species
Innovative Approaches and Scientific Studies in Agricultural, Forestry and Aquatic Sciences, Prof. Dr. Türkay TÜRKOĞLU, Editör, Duvar Yayınları, İzmir, ss.1-18, 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Yayınevi: Duvar Yayınları
- Basıldığı Şehir: İzmir
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-18
- Editörler: Prof. Dr. Türkay TÜRKOĞLU, Editör
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
A large proportion of cultivated plants have emerged through natural
hybridization, selection, mutation, or polyploidy. A
significant number of cultivated plants possess an alloploid structure.
Allopolyploid occurs through hybridization between two species with distinct
genomes, followed by doubling of the chromosome number.
Polyploidy arises naturally in two ways:
a. Somatic doubling occurs due to abnormalities during mitosis in
meristematic cells.
b. During meiosis, chromosome sets fail to separate, resulting in gametes that
carry twice the expected number of chromosomes.
To induce polyploidy in plants artificially, a chromosome-doubling method is
employed. The chemical most frequently used by plant breeders for this purpose
is colchicine. Derived from the roots of the autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale
L.), colchicine is a potent alkaloid-based toxin; it is a colourless substance that
dissolves in alcohol, chloroform, and cold water, but is insoluble in hot water or
ether. When applied to plant tissues, colchicine inhibits the formation of spindle
fibers during the metaphase stage of mitosis. This prevents the replicated
chromosomes from being pulled toward the cell poles, thereby preventing the
chromosome number from doubling