Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Atmospheric Environment, cilt.376, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and highly toxic by-products of combustion and industrial activities whose atmospheric removal in rapidly urbanizing cities is dominated by deposition, yet deposition mechanisms and sources remain insufficiently resolved. This study characterized temporal bulk deposition of 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/F congeners in Bursa (Türkiye), a heavily trafficked and industrialized metropolitan area, and estimated dry deposition velocities, particle diameters, and precipitation washout ratios while apportioning likely sources. Bulk deposition samples were collected from October 2022 to July 2023 using a 60-cm stainless-steel pot sampler (bulk-only-dry and bulk-wet–dry). Mean ∑17PCDD/F fluxes were 52.3 ± 23.7 pg/m2/day (4.29 ± 2.38 pg I-TEQ/m2/day) for bulk-only-dry and 134.6 ± 19.1 pg/m2/day (9.7 ± 2.6 pg I-TEQ/m2/day) for bulk-wet–dry, with precipitation-related processes contributing 71.34% of total flux; fluxes peaked in cold periods (79.8 pg/m2/day in December–January) and were negatively correlated with temperature (p < 0.05). OCDD dominated both modes (15.7 ± 8.6 and 44.89 ± 4.72 pg/m2/day), consistent with combustion/traffic influence. PCA resolved five components, indicating contributions from diesel traffic (51.74% variance), waste disposal/uncontrolled burning/metal processing, open burning/unleaded fuel, and other local activities modulated by seasonal wind regimes. Using concurrent particulate-phase air data, the mean dry deposition velocity was 0.25 ± 0.14 cm/s (0.06–0.53 cm/s), corresponding to an average particle diameter of 6.02 ± 1.22 μm (3.15–8.82 μm). Mean rainy-period ∑17PCDD/F concentration was 7.55 ± 2.82 pg/L, and washout ratios (6.63 × 104 to 9.07 × 105) showed efficient scavenging, especially for highly chlorinated congeners.