Magnetically recoverable phosphonic acid-functionalized polymeric TiO2 microspheres for synergistic adsorption–photocatalytic removal of Reactive Blue 221
Separation Science and Technology (Philadelphia), 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1080/01496395.2026.2702974
- Dergi Adı: Separation Science and Technology (Philadelphia)
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analysis, adsorption–photocatalysis synergy, advanced oxidation process, anionic dye removal, Magnetic photocatalytic microspheres, wastewater treatment
- Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Magnetically recoverable m-poly(VPA-co-EGDMA)-TiO2 microspheres were synthesized for the efficient adsorption–photocatalytic removal of Reactive Blue 221 (RB 221) from aqueous solutions. The developed multifunctional material integrates adsorption, photocatalysis, and magnetic recovery within a single platform for sustainable wastewater treatment. Structural and compositional characterization by FTIR, XRD, TGA, XPS, SEM, and ESR confirmed the successful incorporation of TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The microspheres exhibited a high BET surface area of 195 m2 g−1, and maximum adsorption was achieved at pH 3. Under optimized conditions, the experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 24.28 mg g−1, whereas the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 416.7 mg g−1. Adsorption was best described by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 >0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 >0.99). Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG° <0, ΔH° >0, and ΔS° >0) confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Under UV-A irradiation, the developed system achieved approximately 99% decolorization efficiency, demonstrating a synergistic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. Furthermore, the microspheres retained 72% of their initial adsorption efficiency after 10 adsorption–desorption cycles, indicating good reusability and structural stability. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed multifunctional microspheres for advanced wastewater remediation applications.