Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION, cilt.69, sa.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
To reduce siloing and keep the review focused on deployment-relevant outcomes, this paper follows a unified inputs-methods-outputs framework for EV battery enclosures. Inputs include (i) material systems (metals, composites, hybrids), (ii) geometry/topology choices (shell features, reinforcements, cellular/energy absorbers), and (iii) joining/manufacturing constraints that bound what can be built reliably at scale. Methods connect validated finite element analysis (FEA) with surrogate/ML-assisted modeling and multi-objective optimization to efficiently explore tradeoffs in the design space. Outputs are reported as crash metrics (intrusion/deformation, peak force, SEA), mass reduction, manufacturability feasibility, and sustainability indicators such as embodied impacts and recyclability. Consequently, every section of this review is written to answer one guiding question: How does this approach improve battery box crashworthiness and lightweighting under real constraints? Electric vehicles (EVs) face two major engineering challenges: increased vehicle weight due to battery systems and the need for enhanced crashworthiness. Lightweighting is a key strategy to improve energy efficiency, reduce emissions, and lower operational costs, but it must be balanced with safety standards and passenger comfort. Crashworthiness, particularly the protection of battery enclosures during collisions, is critical to ensure occupant safety and prevent battery damage. This study presents a comprehensive literature review on vehicle lightweighting and crashworthiness enhancement in EVs. It is structured into four main sections: crashworthiness optimization strategies, design considerations for battery systems and enclosures, lightweighting approaches in EV development, and applications of the finite element analysis (FEA). In addition to mechanical performance, the review highlights cross-cutting constraints that increasingly shape feasible enclosure solutions at scale, including manufacturability (forming, joining, and cycle time), circularity and design for disassembly, and critical mineral supply pressures. These factors influence cost, adoption, and lifecycle impacts and therefore must be considered alongside crashworthiness and lightweighting. The review aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers and engineers working on the design and safety of electric vehicles.