Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
TOXICS, cilt.14, sa.5, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Fireworks are widely used at festive events worldwide and are commonly employed at indoor wedding ceremonies in T & uuml;rkiye; however, their impact on indoor air quality has not been adequately investigated. This study examines particulate matter (PM) emissions generated by volcano-type fireworks used in indoor wedding halls. Particle samples were collected across five size fractions (>2.5, 1.0-2.5, 0.50-1.0, 0.25-0.50, and <0.25 & micro;m) using a 5-stage Sioutas cascade impactor, and elemental compositions were determined by ICP-MS. PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 1518 and 7796 & micro;g/m(3), while total PM concentrations varied between 2088 and 8656 & micro;g/m(3). These values are substantially higher than the guideline limits reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), indicating very high short-term exposure levels. Fine particles (PM2.5) accounted for 56.5-92.4% of total PM, with particles smaller than 1 & micro;m forming the dominant fraction. Among the analyzed elements, aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were the most abundant metals, predominantly associated with fine particles. The highest concentrations were generally observed in the 0.25-0.5 & micro;m size range. These findings showed that the use of indoor fireworks can lead to high concentrations of fine particulate matter and metal-rich aerosols. This issue should be considered, as it may pose a health risk for those in enclosed spaces in future studies.