Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Transient Phenomena in a Hybrid Lead-Acid Battery-Supercapacitor System
61st International Scientific Conference on Information, Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies, ICEST 2026, Nis, Serbia, 1 - 03 July 2026, pp.701-706, (Full Text)
- Publication Type: Conference Paper / Full Text
- Doi Number: 10.1109/icest71230.2026.11623582
- City: Nis
- Country: Serbia
- Page Numbers: pp.701-706
- Keywords: hybrid energy storage system, lead-acid battery, PSIM simulation, supercapacitor, transient response
- Bursa Uludag University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
This paper investigates the joint operation of a lead-acid battery and a supercapacitor in a hybrid energy storage system, with emphasis on transient current redistribution and voltage behavior during switching events. Experimental measurements are carried out using a laboratory test setup, while a time-domain PSIM model is developed to reproduce and interpret the observed phenomena. Two operating cases are examined. In Case A, constant-current discharge conditions are applied to analyze the transient response following the connection of the supercapacitor. In Case B, dynamic load conditions and inductive effects are introduced to study fast voltage and current transients during switching. The results demonstrate that the supercapacitor effectively supplies transient peak currents and mitigates voltage disturbances, thereby reducing electrical stress on the lead-acid battery. A close agreement between experimental oscilloscope waveforms and simulation results confirms the validity of the proposed modeling approach and highlights the effectiveness of simple passive hybrid battery-supercapacitor configurations.