Preparation and characterization of magnetic laccase inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (MNRLac-ihNFs) using Fe3O4 magnetic nanorods
Inorganic Chemistry Communications, vol.191, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 191
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1016/j.inoche.2026.117118
- Journal Name: Inorganic Chemistry Communications
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, DIALNET
- Keywords: Laccase immobilization, Magnetic hybrid nanoflowers, Magnetic nanorods
- Bursa Uludag University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
In the last few years, several studies have examined the synthesis of magnetic enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (ME-ihNFs) using spherical magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). However, the synthesis of ME-ihNFs using magnetic nanorods (MNRs) has not been reported. Therefore, we extend our studies on ME-ihNFs using nanorods (MNRs), unlike the MNPs used in all previous studies. In our study, we synthesized MNRLac-ihNFs for the first time by using nanorods (MNRs). For comparison, spherical magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were used to synthesize magnetic laccase-ihNFs using the same method. In addition, non-magnetic laccase-inorganic hNFs were synthesized. These three synthesized hNFs were coded as MNRLac-ihNFs (with magnetic nanorods), MNPLac-ihNFs (with spherical magnetic nanoparticles), and Lac-ihNFs (non-magnetic). Synthesized hNFs were characterized using SEM, SEM-EDX, SEM-EDX elemental mapping, CLSM imaging, BET, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The catalytic activity of all hNFs, as well as free laccase, was measured spectrophotometrically using ABTS. MNRLac-ihNFs, MNPLac-ihNFs, and Lac-ihNFs show the highest relative activity at pH5 and 55 °C. Among all hNFs, the highest activity was found for MNRLac-ihNFs. Kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax) studies and thermal deactivation kinetic (Kd and t1/2) parameters of all magnetic and non-magnetic hNFs were also determined. The decolorization performance of hNFs was also investigated using Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) and Alizarine Yellow (AY) as model organic dyes. CSB removal% was calculated as 73.1% for MNRLac-ihNFs, 81.0% for MNPLac-ihNFs, and 75.8% for Lac-ihNFs (after 1-h incubation). AY removal% was calculated as 67.3% for MNRLac-ihNFs, 56.5% for MNPLac-ihNFs, and 61.5% for Lac-ihNFs (for 3 h incubation).