Mating disruption for control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), in North Carolina apple orchards
Tez Türü: Doktora
Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: North Carolina State University, College of Life and Agricultural Sciences, Entomoloji, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
Tez Danışmanı: James F Walgenbach
Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2003
Tezin Dili: İngilizce
Özet:
Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), has been a primary pest ofpeaches for many years throughout the world, and recently it has also emerged as akey pest of apples in the eastern United States. The implementation of the FoodQuality Protection Act has eliminated the use of many organophosphate insecticidesand encouraged the search for alternatives to organophosphates for control ofOriental fruit moth. Large and small plot studies were conducted to evaluate matingdisruption as an alternative control tactic against Oriental fruit moth in North Carolinaapple orchards during 2000-2002. The efficacy of Isomate-M 100 pheromonedispensers and microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was compared toinsecticide-treated and non-managed orchards. Pheromone trap catches weresignificantly reduced in mating disruption blocks compared with conventional andnon-managed orchards. Pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy capturedsignificantly more moths than traps placed in the lower canopy across all treatments.Male OFM responded optimally to traps baited with 100 ?g lures compared with 30and 300 ?g lures regardless of treatment. The loss of OFM pheromone from redrubber septa over a four-wk period exhibited a first-order release rate for septaloaded with 100 and 300 ?g pheromone, but a more constant release rate fromsepta loaded with 30 ?g pheromone. Based on pheromone trap captures, there waslittle difference among rates of sprayable pheromone ranging from 12.4 to 49.1 g(ai)/ha, but efficacy declined at 2.4 g (ai)/ha applied at monthly intervals. The 6.2 g(ai)/ha rate applied at 2-wk intervals was significantly less effective than monthlyapplications of 12.4 and 24.7 g (ai)/ha. Significantly fewer moths were caught inpheromone traps deployed in blocks treated in late May with Isomate-M 100,Isomate-M Rosso and Isomate-M 100 plus 3M sprayable pheromone compared withtraps in conventional insecticide treatments, and Isomate-M 100 applied in late June.Overall, fruit damage by OFM larvae was quite low in mating disruption blocks